Twelve months of treatment to suppress testosterone is the period currently recommended by World Athletics (IAAF) and the International Olympics Committee to ensure a level playing field for all competing athletes.
But the study findings indicate that while hormone treatment was associated with changes in athletic performance, transgender women still retained a competitive advantage 2 years later.
the researchers reviewed the fitness test results and medical records of 29 trans men and 46 trans women who started treatment with gender affirming hormones while serving in the United States Air Force. The average age at which they started treatment was 25 but ranged from 19 to 46.
The researchers compared the fitness test results of these service members before and while on hormone treatment, and with the average performance of all women and men under the age of 30 in the US Air Force between 2004 and 2014.
Before starting their treatment with gender affirming hormones, trans women performed 31% more push-ups and 15% more sit-ups in 1 minute and ran 1.5 miles 21% faster than their female peers.
After 2 years of feminising therapy the differences in push-up and sit-up performance had disappeared. But trans women were still 12% faster than other women.
1. Those who transition from female to male are eligible to compete in the male category without restriction. 2. Those who transition from male to female are eligible to compete in the female category under the following conditions:
2.1. The athlete has declared that her gender identity is female. The declaration cannot be changed, for sporting purposes, for a minimum of four years.
2.2. The athlete must demonstrate that her total testosterone level in serum has been below 10 nmol/L for at least 12 months prior to her first competition .
(with the requirement for any longer period to be based on a confidential case-by-case evaluation, considering whether or not 12 months is a sufficient length of time to minimize any advantage in women’s competition)
2.3. The athlete's total testosterone level in serum must remain below 10 nmol/L throughout the period of desired eligibility to compete in the female category. 2.4. Compliance with these conditions may be monitored by testing. In the event of non-compliance, the athlete’s eligibility for female competition will be suspended for 12 months.
以下是新聞的內容 Plans by the International Olympic Committee to introduce stricter guidelines for transgender athletes before the Tokyo 2020 Games have run into the sand because its panel of scientists is struggling to reach agreement on such a thorny issue. 國際奧委會本來計畫更嚴格的跨性別運動員參賽限制，但是專家小組彼此意見不一致，所以無法達成結論。
Those guidelines, used by most sports federations to draw up their transgender policies, have proved controversial, given that women’s testosterone levels tend to range between 0.12 and 1.79 nmol/l, while men’s are typically between 7.7 to 29.4 nmol/l. 現行的規定制度已證明很有爭議，考慮到女性的睪固酮濃度範圍在0.12到1.79奈米莫耳沒公升，而典型的男性範圍是7.7到29.4
The Guardian understands some scientists on the IOC panel have argued that reducing the permitted testosterone levels to 5nmol/L – below most males – would provide a reasonable compromise between inclusion and fairness, ensuring that trans women could still compete in the women’s category while taking away most of the advantages of undergoing male puberty.
最近紐西蘭跨性別舉重選手將參加奧運引發公平性的質疑
然後我查資料查著查著看到這一位
算是很特別的對照組
更正：本噗頭幾則的訊息不準確，因為一開始查到的資料來源有誤，所以關於該選手的生理條件請見最下面的法院紀錄。
但她拒絕，她說這是她先天的生理條件，她不願意施打藥物
她的基因檢測是XX，具有雙性人的特徵
不過曾經有女性選手因為是XXY被拒賽，實在是不知道規定是否已經更動。
曾經被檢測出XXY而取消記錄的女性選手，不過這裡寫說如果是晚一年檢測的話她就有參賽資格，所以可能規則已經更動了。
也因為這位選手受到的羞辱，所以從她以後性別判定的醫療結果都不會公開。
這兩位都是用女性的身份參賽，但退休後接受了轉換性別的手術並且改名的運動員。
不過研究顯示，跨女在接受兩年的荷爾蒙治療以後依然佔有優勢
這是2009年的時候Semenya第一次接受性別檢測以後的報導
印度田徑選手，沒有通過性別測試以後被剝奪了銀牌，她曾經自殺，不過活下來了。
我對運動跟賽事沒研究，只能看看
天啊共產黨真的好可怕。
這裡提到頂樓的南非選手有生育親生子女，這點我猜礙於隱私很可能也是查不到可靠的公開資訊。
不過南非選手經過兩次的性別檢測都還能繼續出賽，而且檢測的內容有好幾項評估的標準，一直到2018年加入睪固酮濃度限制她才被要求施打抑制藥物。
1.在運動仲裁法院對Cememya抗辯的報告中 (我有貼在自己討論串) 有提到她的生理狀況，但這篇是非常長。總之結論是國際田聯認為維持荷爾蒙規則是合理的。
https://www.tas-cas.org/...
2.國際田聯手術規則，因為我查詢英文原文版沒有類似的條文。
有可能香港翻譯有誤。但畢竟我不是專業，因此看有沒有更有經驗的人提出可靠資料吧。
這個先天症狀每個人各有不同，有些人有子宮與輸卵管，有些人則沒有，XY DSD的嬰兒可能被當成男生或女生養大，他們有高度的可能罹患性腺腫瘤。
參考資料是這個，應該是美國政府相關的組織
第二，DSD規定對於女性選手的規範遠多過於男性選手，要求她們接受很多侵入性的檢查，但男性選手都不需要。國際田聯的立場若主張XY female就是生物男性，是一種性別歧視。
←那個「運動場上的男性」我覺得寫得很奇怪但找不到更適合的說法，單指在體育這個領域的性別
←我也覺得這個第五點好奇怪喔
我一方面同意Semenya的成就並非基於單純的基因優勢，但另一方面Sememya的生理條件可能隨著她年齡的增長或是訓練有了改變。
生理女性的邊界到底在哪裡呢？
當社會本來長期認定一個人是女性，但在她體能表現越來越強大以後裁定她不是女性，或者只有使用藥物才能承認她是女性的時候，實在很難不產生爭議。
2003年規定移除睪丸並且荷爾蒙治療兩年，2015年底發布新的規定。
male category without restriction.
2. Those who transition from male to female are eligible to compete in the
female category under the following conditions:
2.男跨女參賽者條件如下：
2.1. The athlete has declared that her gender identity is female. The
declaration cannot be changed, for sporting purposes, for a minimum
of four years.
has been below 10 nmol/L for at least 12 months prior to her first
competition .
a confidential case-by-case evaluation, considering whether or not 12
months is a sufficient length of time to minimize any advantage in
women’s competition)
是否會要求更長的時間會奠基於個案的機密評估，考慮12個月是否充分最小化他們在女子賽事的優勢。
nmol/L throughout the period of desired eligibility to compete in the
female category.
2.4. Compliance with these conditions may be monitored by testing. In the
event of non-compliance, the athlete’s eligibility for female competition
will be suspended for 12 months.
是否遵守這些條件是會被監控的，可能會有測試。
不符合條件的情況下，運動員會被暫停12個月資格，不得參加女子賽事。
Plans by the International Olympic Committee to introduce stricter guidelines for transgender athletes before the Tokyo 2020 Games have run into the sand because its panel of scientists is struggling to reach agreement on such a thorny issue.
國際奧委會本來計畫更嚴格的跨性別運動員參賽限制，但是專家小組彼此意見不一致，所以無法達成結論。
現行的規定制度已證明很有爭議，考慮到女性的睪固酮濃度範圍在0.12到1.79奈米莫耳沒公升，而典型的男性範圍是7.7到29.4
因為她作為intersex就不用切除睪丸，奧運會也不打算取消她作為女子組世界冠軍的紀錄。
所以如果承認她的世界冠軍，那跨女要切除睪丸才能參賽就變得不公平了，因為已經有前例。
但其他選手就曾經被取消獎牌，為什麼Semenya是個特例呢？
她的生理條件確實無法簡單歸類成男性或女性，經歷過多次的性別檢查性器官都沒有被認為是男性，所以這也是一種歷史的軌跡吧。
我是覺得間性人依然是特例，不應該讓跨女比照作為標準。