備檔: 3(1),輸家在競技類遊戲(competitive version of the game)中有更高等級的攻擊性效應[1](levels of aggressive affect)。 3(2),攻擊性行為[2](aggressive behaviour)的產生,既非來自競爭、也非暴力(violence)。
1. True experimental design and using the same game across conditions. 2. Sixty-four participants played one of four versions of a video game (2 [Competitive] x 2 [Violent]) and it was found that competition, but not violence, impacted aggressive affect.
3. In addition, participants: (1)who lost in the competitive version of the game had even higher levels of aggressive affect. (2)Neither competition nor violence impacted aggressive behaviour.
4. Possible limitations to this study included the poor validity of the Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Task (TCRTT) and the delay between participants finishing the game and then competing the TCRTT.
Dowsett, Andre; Mervyn Jackson. (2019). The effect of violence and competition within video games on aggression. Computers in Human Behavior. 99. p22-27
3(1),輸家在競技類遊戲(competitive version of the game)中有更高等級的攻擊性效應[1](levels of aggressive affect)。
3(2),攻擊性行為[2](aggressive behaviour)的產生,既非來自競爭、也非暴力(violence)。
[1]中譯參考國家教育研究院,最後瀏覽日期:20191007。見:aggression - 攻擊行為
[2]同註1
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219301773
2. Sixty-four participants played one of four versions of a video game (2 [Competitive] x 2 [Violent]) and it was found that competition, but not violence, impacted aggressive affect.
(1)who lost in the competitive version of the game had even higher levels of aggressive affect.
(2)Neither competition nor violence impacted aggressive behaviour.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219301773
1. 認識自己各式各樣的情緒,尤其負面的
2. 譬如,放置受教者在落水狗和處於落敗情境,反覆給予訊號「不能打、不能背刺」。
也因此有些思想認為人並非天生為人,需要經歷較化才能被視為人。
而照顧和學習語言的過程就會灌輸任何人被教化的基礎。
面對已經被刷入特定概念且感覺不到問題的人,
需要用他的既有概念去歸謬
讓他發現他的概念那些地方有問題,或是直接指出問題所在。
如果是本身就有能力發現問題的,就只需要提供他一些可能的方向。
有些人太信他們的啟蒙,幾乎無法推翻。
但對搞洗腦的人來說,不推翻,不點醒。
而是把這些人洗成自己需要的樣子,更符合他們的利益。
純以說服的目的而言,技術上是這樣的邏輯,但我自己會希望人的思維能往「除錯」更進一步,無論是意願或技術。但至今的生活經驗告訴我,這種期待不太可行,而且對自己效益不大。讓自己的事情按照重要性排序,沒那麼重要的就隨便它。
我跟那位魔術師的遊戲,其實是為了讓另一個朋友做參考。