筆記

上週Memo

實驗衣 護目鏡 奇異筆
麻辣燙！青菜！

Model Biological Systems
• Viruses • Bacteria • Yeasts • Plants

• 1952 Hershey and Chase
Phage T2 gene are made of DNA
從細菌性病毒T2(主要感染大腸桿菌)中分離DNA

• 1953 Franklin
X-ray diffraction data of DNA
以X射線繞射了解DNA分子結構: 對稱、螺旋狀

• 1953 Chick, Watson, and Wilkins
The structure of DNA 提出雙股螺旋結構

• 1958 Meselson and Stahl
Demonstrated the semiconservative replication 半保留複製of DNA

• 1960s
set up model systems 模式系統and developed powerful techniques

• 1966 Nirenberg, Khorana
Finished unraveling the genetic code 遺傳密碼

• 1967 Arber and Linn
Discovered restriction endonuclease 限制型內切核酸酶
DNA核酸酶 切DNA
限制型 切一定的核酸位置（會判斷核苷酸序列）
非限制型 隨意剪切

• 1972 Berg
Made the first recombinant DNA in vitro 在試管中進行基因工程/重組DNA

• 1973 Boyer and Cohen
First used a plasmid 質體 to clone DNA

• 1977 Gilbert, Sanger
Worked out methods to determine the sequence of bases in DNA
同時期發表不同的DNA定序/序列分析
目前仍在使用Sanger的定序法

• 1983 Mullis and colleagues
Invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
建構PCR技術，可大量複製所需的片段

• 1990 The Human Genome Project (HMP)
人類基因體計畫 start

• 1997 Wilnut and colleagues
Cloned a sheep (Dolly) 生物體選殖-桃莉羊

• Gene therapy 基因療法, Gene chips 基因晶片, DNA chips, .......